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John de Crannach (c. 1386 – 1453/1454) was a 15th-century Scottish scholar, diplomat and prelate. Originating in the north-east of Lowland Scotland, he probably came from a family associated with the burgh of Aberdeen. Like many of his relatives, he flourished in the 15th-century Scottish church. After just over a decade at the University of Paris, Crannach became a servant of the then Dauphin (later king) Charles (VII). During his period in France he received provision as bishop of Caithness, but within four years was translated and consecrated bishop of Brechin. He was a prominent ambassador of James I and travelled abroad frequently during the 1430s and early 1440s. In the diocese of Brechin Crannach was usually absent until 1445, but was embroiled in a dispute with the archdeacon of Brechin Gilbert Forrester. ==Early years== He was born around 1386 (or soon before), which is known because he was a Master of Arts in 1406, a requirement of which was being at least 20 years old.〔Watt, ''Biographical Dictionary'', p. 118〕 The name "de Crannach" comes from the former sheriffdom of Banff, either Crannach in Grange parish or Cranna in Marnoch parish.〔 John's father was probably Laurence de Crannach (fl. 1398), burgess of Aberdeen, whose wife was named Christiana.〔Watt, ''Biographical Dictionary'', pp. 118–19〕 Three of his brothers are known; one, William, was a prominent Augustinian canon who became abbot of Inchaffray (1430–1433 or 1435), while another, David de Crannach, was sub-dean of Dunkeld and dean of Brechin.〔Dowden, ''Bishops'', p. 185; Watt, ''Biographical Dictionary'', p. 118; Watt and Murray, ''Fasti Ecclesiae'', pp. 59, 151; Watt and Shead, ''Heads of Religious Houses'', p. 103〕 His third brother, Robert de Crannach, was precentor of Brechin from 1440 to sometime between 1453 and 1457, as well as dean of Dunblane (1430–1439 or 1440).〔Watt and Murray, ''Fasti Ecclesiae'', pp. 62, 107〕 His uncle, Adam de Crannach (also "de Aberdeen"), was also a prominent Augustistian, serving as abbot of Scone between 1418 and 1432.〔Watt, ''Biographical Dictionary'', p. 118; Watt and Shead, ''Heads of Religious Houses'', p. 200〕 A student of the University of Paris in the early 15th century, he was Bachelor of Arts in February 1405, and a Licentiate and Master of Arts in May 1406.〔Watt, ''Biographical Dictionary'', p. 119〕 He was regent of the Arts between 1406 and his departure from the university in 1417.〔 The famous archdeacon of Aberdeen and poet, John Barbour, stood surety for him in 1406 and 1407.〔 For some time, John was a student of theology, having become a Bachelor of Theology by autumn of 1416.〔 He was also a participant in student and school affairs, being variously a key holder of the University of Paris' "English nation" (the nation at the university for all non-Romance speakers) and head of the Scottish province therein.〔 He served as representative of the university at a Paris ecclesiastical council, 30 November 1413, which debated and denounced the arguments of theologian Jean Petit.〔 During the same period, Crannach was a popular teacher of Scottish and other students at the university, but did not return there after January 1418 when he left for the papal court at Constance.〔Watt, ''Biographical Dictionary'', p. 120〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John de Crannach」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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